How is steel plate produced
Release time:
2025-04-25
The rolled steel plate needs to undergo cooling, straightening, shearing and other processes, and some products also need to be pickled, annealed or coated to improve performance.
The core production process of steel plates includes ironmaking, steelmaking, continuous casting and rolling, among which rolling is the most critical forming step, which is mainly divided into two processes: hot rolling and cold rolling.
Main production steps
Raw material preparation and iron smelting
Iron ore, coke and flux are smelted in blast furnaces to produce molten iron and slag. The blast furnace temperature can reach above 1200℃, and oxygen elements in iron ore can be removed through reduction reactions.
Steelmaking and continuous casting
The molten iron is further decarbonized and desulfurized through a converter or electric furnace, and the alloy element adjustment components are added to form liquid steel.
The liquid steel is cast into a steel billet (such as flat steel embryos or large steel embryos) through a continuous casting machine, and becomes a rolling raw material after cooling.
Rolling molding
Hot rolling: After the steel billet is heated to 1200°C, it is repeatedly rolled between the rolls and made into a steel plate by plastic deformation. This process produces plates with larger thicknesses (such as medium-thick steel plates) with high strength but with rough surfaces.
Cold rolling: further rolling of hot-rolled steel plates at room temperature to improve surface finish and dimensional accuracy, and is suitable for high-end products such as automotive plates and home appliance plates.
Post-processing
The rolled steel plate needs to undergo cooling, straightening, shearing and other processes, and some products also need to be pickled, annealed or coated to improve performance.
Key equipment and technology
Roller: Directly determines the thickness and surface quality of the steel plate, and requires high strength, high temperature resistance and precise surface treatment (such as grinding to mirror).
Continuous casting and rolling technology: Modern steel mills mostly use short process of direct hot rolling of continuous casting billets, which can significantly reduce energy consumption.
Example Application: Hot-rolled steel plates are widely used in heavy industries such as ships and bridges, while cold-rolled steel plates are used in precision-made automotive doors, kitchen pots, etc.
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Steel plates are alloyed products of iron, and they meet the needs of different industrial scenarios through composition and process optimization. If corrosion-resistant or high-strength materials are required, stainless steel plates or special steel plates are more suitable; pure iron is mostly used in laboratories or special electromagnetic fields.
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Is the steel structure the main structure?
The core function of the main structure is to transfer loads and ensure overall safety. If the steel structure is only used for decoration or local reinforcement (such as adding a mezzanine), it does not have the function of the main structure.
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Raw material composition: Molten iron is the main raw material, supplemented by scrap steel, slag-making materials (lime, fluorite, etc.) and deoxidizers (ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, etc.).
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Is carbon steel plate a cold rolled plate?
The specific production process of the cold-rolled plate includes multiple rolling and annealing treatments at room temperature to obtain steel plates with a thickness of less than 4 mm. This process not only improves the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the steel plate, but also gives it good mechanical properties and machining properties. Therefore, there are obvious differences in production process and performance between cold-rolled plates and carbon steel plates.
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The coiled steel will be inspected, cut (sliced to specified sizes) and packaged, and will eventually become a finished product for easy storage and transportation.
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Difference Between Rebar and Steel Rod
The choice of rebars or steel bars should be based on project requirements. Rebars are suitable for concrete reinforcement, while steel bars are used for large steel structures that require higher bearing capacity. For more information about specific models (such as 20MnSi rebars or SNCM220 round steel), please refer to relevant standards or manufacturer data.
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